Abaqus Volume II: I–Z Manuel d'utilisateur Page 1

Keywords Reference ManualKeywords Reference ManualVolume II: I–ZVersion 6.6

CONTENTSD*D ADDED MASS 4.1*DAMAGE EVOLUTION 4.2*DAMAGE INITIATIO N 4.3*DAMAGE STABILIZATION 4.4*DAMPING 4.5*DASHPOT 4.6*DEBOND 4.7*DECHARGE 4.8*DECURR

*JOINT EL ASTICITY5. Temperature.6. First field variable.7. Second field variable.8. Third field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCI

*JOINT EL ASTICITY7. Temperature.8. First field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than one):1. S

*JOINT EL ASTICITY7. First field variable.8. Second field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than

*JOINT PL ASTICITY10.3*JOINT PLASTICITY: Specify plas tic properties for elastic-plastic joint eleme nts.This option is used to define the plastic beha

*JOINT PL ASTICITY7. First field variable.8. Second field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than

*JOINT PL ASTICITYSubsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than three):1. Fourth field variable.2. Etc., up to e

*JOINTED MATERIAL10.4*JOINTED MATERIAL: Specify the jointed material model.This option is used to define a failure surface and the flow parameters for a

*JOINTED MATERIALData lines defining failure surface and flow parameters (SHEAR RETENTION omitted):First line:1. Angle of friction, , for this system .

*JOULE HEAT FRACTION10.5*JOULE HEAT FRACTION: Define the fraction of electric energy released as heat.This option is used to specify the fraction of di

CONTENTSE*EL FILE 5.1*EL PRINT 5.2*ELASTIC 5.3*ELCOPY 5.4*ELECTRICAL CONDUC TIVITY 5.5*ELEMENT 5.6*ELEMENT MATRIX OUTPUT 5.7*ELEMENT O UTPUT 5.8*ELEME

K11. KABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*KAPPA11.1*KAPPA: Specify the material parametersand for mass diffusion driven bygradients of temperature and equivalent pressure stress, respectively

*KAPPASubsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than five):1. Sixth field variable.2. Etc., up to eight field varia

*KINEMATIC11.2*KINEMATIC: Define a kinematic coupling constraint.This option is used to define a kinematic coupling constraint. It must be used in conju

*KINEMATIC COUPLING11.3*KINEMATIC COUPLING: Constrain all or specific degrees of freedom of a set ofnodes to the rigid body motion of a reference node.

*KINEMATIC COUPLING3. Last degree of freedom constrained. If this field is left blank, the degree of freedom specifiedin the second field will be the onl

L12. LABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

CONTENTS*FILE O UTPUT 6.8*FILM 6.9*FILM PROPERTY 6.10*FILTER 6.11*FIXED MASS SCALING 6.12*FLOW 6.13*FLUID BEHAVIOR 6.14*FLUID BULK MODU LUS 6.15*FLUID

*LATENT HEAT12.1*LATENT H EAT: Specify latent heats.This option is used to specify a material’s latent heat.Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/ExplicitT

*LOAD CASE12.2*LOAD CASE: Begin a load case definition for multiple load case analysis.This option is used to begin each load case definition.Product: A

M13. MABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*MAP SOLUTION13.1*MAP SOLUTION: Map a solution from an old mesh to a new mesh.This option is used to transfer solution variables from an earlier analy

*MAP SOLUTION2. Value of the translation to be applied in the Y-direction.3. Value of the translation to be applied in the Z-direction.Enter values of

*MASS13.2*MASS: Specify a point mass.This option is used to define lumped m ass values associated with MASS elem ents.For ABAQUS/Standard analyses this

CONTENTSH*HEADING 8.1*HEAT GENERATION 8.2*HEAT TRANSFER 8.3*HEATCAP 8.4*HOURGLASS STIFFNESS 8.5*HYPERELASTIC 8.6*HYPERFOAM 8.7*HYPOELASTIC 8.8*HYSTERE

*MASSData line to define the mass magnitude:First (and only) line:1. Mass magnitude. Mass, not weight, should be given.ABAQUS does not use any specific

*MASS DIFFUSION13.3*MASS DIFFUSION: Transient or steady-state uncoupled mass diffusion analysis.This option is used to control uncoupled transient or

*MASS DIFFUSIONIf a value is given, ABAQU S/Standard will use the minimum of the given value and 0.8 timesthe suggested initial time step.4. Maximum t

*MASS FLOW RATE13.4*MASS FLOW RATE: Specify fluid mass flow rate in a heat transfer analysis.This option is used to specify the mass flow rate per unit a

*MASS FLOW RATEData lines to define mass flow rates:First line:1. Node number or node set label.2. Mass flow rate per unit area in the x-direction (units

*MATERIAL13.5*MATERIAL: Begin the definition of a material.This option is used to indicate the start of a mater ial definition.Products: ABAQUS/Standard

*MATERIALSet STRAIN RATE REGULARIZATION=LINEAR to use a linear regularization for strainrate-dependent material data.There are no data lines associate

*MATRIX13.6*MATRIX: Read in the stiffness or mass matrix for a linear user element.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*USER ELEMENT,

*MATRIX ASSEMBLE13.7*MATRIX ASSEMBLE: Define stiffness or mass matrices for a par t of the model.This option can be used to identify a stiffness or a m

CONTENTSContents — Volume III*IMPEDANCE 9.1*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY 9.2*IMPERFECTION 9.3*IMPORT 9.4*IMPORT CONTROLS 9.5*IMPORT ELSET 9.6*IMPORT NSET 9.7*IN

*MATRIX INPUT13.8*MATRIX INPUT: Read in a matrix for a part of the model.This option can be used to input a matrix in sparse format.Product: ABAQUS/St

*MATRIX INPUT4. Degree of freedom number for column node.5. Matrix entry.Give data to define a symmetric matrix in lower triangular, upper triangular,

*MEMBRANE SECTION13.9*MEMBRANE SECTION: Specify section properties for membrane elements.This option is used to assign section properties to a set of

*MEMBRANE SECTIONNODAL THICKNESSInclude this parameter to indicate that the membrane thickness should not be read from the data linesbut should be int

*MODAL DAMPING13.10*MODAL DAMPING: Specify damping for modal dynamic analysis.This option is used to specify damping for mode-ba sed procedures. It is

*MODAL DAMPINGanalysis,” Section 6.3.11 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual). The value of the dampingconstant, s, that m ultiplies the internal forc

*MODAL DAMPINGData lines to define structural damping by specifying mode numbers (STRUCTURAL andDEFINITION=MODE NUMBERS):First line:1. Mode number of t

*MODAL DYNAMIC13.11*MODAL DYNAMIC: Dynamic time history analysis using modal superposition.This option is used to provide dy namic time history respon

CONTENTSL*LATENT HEAT 12.1*LOAD CASE 12.2M*MAP SOLUTION 13.1*MASS 13.2*MASS DIFFUSION 13.3*MASS FLOW RATE 13.4*MATERIAL 13.5*MATRIX 13.6*MATRIX ASSEMB

*MODAL FILE13.12*MODAL FILE: Write generalized coordinate (modal amplitude) data or eigendata tothe results file during a mode-based dynamic or eigenva

*MODAL OUTPUT13.13*MODAL OUTPUT: Write generalized coordinate (modal amplitude) data to the outputdatabase during a mode-based dynamic or complex eige

*MODAL PRINT13.14*MODAL PRINT: Print generalized coordinate (modal amplitude) data during a mode-based dynamic procedure.This option is used during mo

*MODEL CHANGE13.15*MODEL CHANGE: Remove or reactivate elements and contact pairs.This option is used to rem ove or reactivate elem ents or contact pai

*MODEL CHANGEData lines to remove/reactivate elements (TYPE=ELEMENT):First line:1. Give a list of element numbers and/or element set names that are in

*MOHR COULOMB13.16*MOHR COULOMB: Spe cify the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model.This option is used to define the yield surface and flow potential parameter

CONTENTS*NODE FILE 14.9*NODE OUTPUT 14.10*NODE PRINT 14.11*NODE RESPONSE 14.12*NONSTRUCTURAL MASS 14.13*NORMAL 14.14*NSET 14.15O*ORIENTATION 15.1*ORNL

*MOHR COU LOMB2. Dilation angle, , at high confining pr essure in the p– plane. Give the value in degrees.3. Temperature.4. First field variable.5. Seco

*MOHR COU LOMB HARDENING13.17*MOHR COULOMB HARDENING: Specify hardening for the Mohr-Coulomb plasticitymodel.This option is used to define piecewise li

*MOHR COULO MB HARDENING2. Etc., up to eight field variables per line.Repeat this set of data lines as often as necessary to define the dependence of th

*MOISTURE SWELLING13.18*MOISTURE SWELLIN G: De fine moisture-driven swe lling.This option is used to define the moistu re-driven swelling of the solid s

*MOLECULAR WEIGHT13.19*MOLECULAR WEIGHT: Define the molecular weight of an ideal gas species.This option is used to define the molecular weight of an id

*MONITOR13.20*MONITOR: Define a degree of freedom to monitor.This option is used to choose a node and degree of freedom to monitor the progress of the

*MOTION13.21*MOTION: Specify motions as a predefined field.This option is used to specify motions of node sets or individual nodes during cavity radia t

CONTENTS*PRINT 16.28*PSD-DEFINITION 16.29R*RADIATE 17.1*RADIATION FILE 17.2*RADIATION OUTPUT 17.3*RADIATION PRINT 17.4*RADIATION SYM METRY 17.5*RADIAT

*MOTIONis given with TYPE=VELOCIT Y, the default is a STEP function f or cavity radiation analysis anda RAMP function for steady-state transport analy

*MOTIONThe following data are required only for three-dimensional cases:5. Global z-component of point a on the axis of rotation.6. Global x-component

*MPC13.22*MPC: Define multi-point constraints.This option is used to impose constraints between different degrees of freedom of the model.Products: ABA

*MPCthe following nodes on this line. Any number of continuation lines are allowed. Exactly 15 nodes or nodesets must be given on each line except the

*MULLINS EFFECT13.23*MULLINS EFFECT: Specify Mullins ef fect material parameters for elastomers.This option is used to define material constants for th

*MULLINS EFFECTcannot be specified if both the R and M parameters are also specified (use the data line instead tospecify all three parameters). If this

*MULLINS EFFECTData lines to define the material constants if both the TEST DATA INPUT and USER parametersare omitted:First line:1. .2..3.(If this entr

*M113.24*M1: Define the first bending moment behavior of beams.This option is used to de fine the first bending moment behavior of beams. It can be used o

CONTENTS*SIMPEDANCE 18.17*SIMPLE SHEAR TEST D ATA 18.18*SLIDE LINE 18.19*SLOAD 18.20*SOILS 18.21*SOLID SECTION 18.22*SOLUBILITY 18.23*SOLUTION TECH NI

*M1Subsequent lines (only needed if the D EPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than six):1. Seventh field variable.2. Etc., up to eight field varia

*M213.25*M2: Define the second bending moment behavior of beams.This option is used to define the second bending moment behavior of beams. It can be use

*M2Subsequent lines (only needed if the D EPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than six):1. Seventh field variable.2. Etc., up to eight field varia

N14. NABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*NCOPY14.1*NCOPY: C reate nodes by copying.This option is used to copy a node set to create a new node set.Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/ExplicitTy

*NCOPYOptional parameters:MULTIPLEThis parameter is used with the SHIFT parameter to define the number of ti mes the rotation shouldbe applied. The def

*NCOPY2. Y-coordinate of the first poi nt definin g the reflection plane.3. Z-coordinate of the first point defining the reflection plane.4. X-coordinate of

*NCOPYbaFigure 14.1–1*NCOPY, SHIFT option.a, b define the lineNew SetabOld setFigure 14.1–2*NCOPY, REFLECT=LINE option.14.1–4ABAQUS Version 6.1 Modul

*NCOPYa, b, c define the mirror planeNew SetOld SetacbFigure 14.1–3*NCOPY, REFLECT=MIRROR option.New Set Old seta is the point through which the no

CONTENTST*TEMPERATU RE 19.1*TENSILE FAILURE 19.2*TENSION STIFFENING 19.3*THERMAL EXPANSION 19.4*TIE 19.5*TIME POINTS 19.6*TORQUE 19.7*TORQUE PRINT 19.

*NCOPYLLpolenodea old set new setFigure 14.1–5*NCOPY, POLE option.14.1–6ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*NFILL14.2*NFILL: Fill in nodes in a region.This option is used to generate nodes for a region of a m esh by filling in nodes between two bounds.Produc

*NFILLData lines to fill in nodes between two bounds:First line:1. Name of the node set defining the first bound of the re gion.2. Name of the node set d

*NGEN14.3*NGEN: Generate incremental nodes.This option is used to generate nodes incrementally.Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/ExplicitType: Model da

*NGEN6. Second coordinate of the extra point (if required).7. Third coordinate of the extra point (if required).The following entries are used only fo

*NMAP14.4*NMAP: Map nodes from one coordinate system to another.This option is used to map a set of nodes from one coordinate system to another.Produc

*NMAPby the distance between points a and b. The line between points a and b defines the position.For every value ofthe -coordinate is defined in a plan

*NMAP3. Y-coordinate of the point to which this control node is to be mapped.4. Z-coordinate of the point to which this control node is to be mapp ed.

*NMAP(R, θ, φ)φXYabc^Z^^zyxzyxb(θ = 0)(φ = 0)θθR(R, θ, Z)(θ = 0)rectangular skewed Cartesian spher

*NO COMPRESSION14.5*NO C OMPRESSION: Introduce a compressive failure theor y (tension onlymaterials).This option is used to m odify the elasticity defi

*NO TENSION14.6*NO TENSION: Introduce a tension failure theory (compression only material).This option is used to m odify the elasticity definition so

*NODAL THICKNESS14.7*NODAL THICKNESS: Define shell or membrane thickness at nodes.This option is used to define variabl e shell or membrane thicknesses

*NODAL THICKNESSData lines when the GENERATE parameter is omitted:First line:1. Node set label or node number.2. Thickness.Repeat this data line as of

*NODE14.8*NODE: Specify nodal coordinates.This option is used to define a node directly by specify ing its coordinates. Nodal coordinates given in this

*NODE4. Third coordinate of the node.5. First direction cosine of the normal at the no de (optional).6. Second direction cosine of the normal at the n

*NODE FILE14.9*NODE FILE: Define results file requests for nodal data.This option is used to choose the nodal variables that will be written to the resu

*NODE FILEThe default value is LAST MODE=N,whereN is the num ber of modes extracted. If theMODE param eter is used, the default value is LA ST M ODE=

*NODE OUTPUT14.10*NODE OUTPUT: Define output database requests for nodal data.This option is used to write nodal variables to the output database. It m

I9. IABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*NODE OUTPUTOptional parameter:VA R I A B L ESet VARIABLE=ALL to indicate that all nodal variables applicable to this procedure and materialtype shoul

*NODE PRINT14.11*NODE PRINT: Define print requests for nodal variables.This option is used to provide tabular printed output of nodal variables (displa

*NODE PRINToutput is required. The default is MODE=1. S ee also the LAST MODE parameter. Whenperforming a*FREQUENCY analysis, the normalization will f

*NODE RESPONSE14.12*NODE RESPONSE: Define nodal responses for design sensitivity analysis.This option is used to write nodal response sensitivities to

*NONSTRUCTURAL MASS14.13*NONSTRUCTURAL MASS: Specify mass contribution to the model fromnonstructural features.This option is used to include the mass

*NONSTRUCTURAL MASSSet DISTRIBUTION=VOLUME PROPORTIONAL to distribute the total nonstructural massamong the members of the element set region in propo

*NORMAL14.14*NORMAL: Specify a par ticular normal direction.This option is used to define alternative nodal normals for elements. In an ABAQ US/Standar

*NSET14.15*NSET: Assign nodes to a node set.This option assigns nodes to a node set.Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/ExplicitType: Model or history da

*NSETINTERNALABAQUS/CAE uses the INTERNAL param eter to identify sets that are created internally. TheINTERNAL param eter is used only in models define

O15. OABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*ORIENTATION15.1*ORIENTATION: Define a local axis system for material or element propertydefinition, for kinematic coupling constraints, for free direct

*ORIENTAT IONSYSTEMSet SYSTEM=RECTANGULAR (default) to define a rectangular Cartesian system by the threepoints a, b,andc shown in Figure 15.1–1. Point

*ORIENTATIONData lines to define an orientation using DEFINITION=NODES:First line:1. Node number of the node at point a.2. Node number of the node at p

*ORIENTAT IONYZSYSTEM = CYLINDRICALSYSTEM = SPHERICALZ (meridional)baY (circumferential) X (radial) X (radial)Y (tangential)ZbaX (global)YZX

*ORNL15.2*ORNL: Specify constitutive model developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory.This option is used to provide plasticity and creep calculations

*OUTPUT15.3*OUTPUT: Define output requests to the output database.This option is used to write contact, element, energy, nodal, or diagnostic output to

*IMPEDANCE9.1*IMPEDANCE: Define impedances for acoustic analysis.This option is used to provide boundary impedances or nonreflecting boundaries for acou

*OUTPUTHISTORYInclude this parameter to ind icate that the output requests used in conjunction with the*OUTPUToption will be written to the outp ut da

*OUTPUTtypes except*DYNAMIC and*MODAL DYNAMIC; output will be written every 10 incrementsfor these procedure types.The FREQUENCY, NUMBER INTERVAL, TIM

*OUTPUTUsing*OUTPUT in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysisReferences:•“Output to the output database,” Section 4.1.3 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual•“ABA

*OUTPUTTIME POINTSSet this parameter equal to the name of the*TIME POINTS option that defines the tim e pointsat which output is to be written. If this

*OUTPUTVA R I A B L ESet VARIABLE=ALL to indicate that all variables applicable to this procedure and material typeshould be written to the output dat

P, Q16. P, QABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*PARAMETER16.1*PARAMETER: Define parameters for input parametrization.This option is used to define param eters that can be used in place of ABA QUS inp

*PARAMETER DEPENDENCE16.2*PARAMETER DEPENDENCE: Define dependence table for tabularly dependentparameters.This option is used to define the dependence t

*IMPEDANCEOptional parameter:OPSet OP=MOD (default) to modify existing impe dances or to define addi tional impedances.Set OP=NEW if all existing im pe

*PARAMETER SHAPE VARIATION16.3*PARAMETER SHAPE VARIATION: Define parametric shape variations.This option is used to define parametric shape variations.P

*PARAMETER SHAPE VARIATIONOptional parameters if the FILE parameter is used:INCSet this parameter equal to the increm ent number (in the analysis whos

*PARAMETER SHAPE VARIATION(X,Y,Z)Rectangular Cartesian(SYSTEM=R)(default)RθCylindrical(SYSTEM=C)(θ and φ are given in degrees)(R,θ,φ)θφSpherical(SYSTE

*PART16.4*PART: Begin a par t definition.This option is used to begin a part definiti on. It must be used in conjunction with the*ASSEMBLY,*ENDPART, and

*PERIODIC16.5*PERIODIC: Define periodic symmetry for a cavity radiation heat transfer analysis.This option is used to define cavity symmetry by periodic

*PERIODICis assumed to apply both in the positive and neg ative directions of the distance vector. The defaultvalue is NR=2.Data line to define periodi

*PERIODICn = 2x-2d-dd2dyabFigure 16.5–1*PERIODIC, TYPE=2D option.16.5–3ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*IMPEDANCE8. X-component of the direction cosine of the majo r axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid definingthe radiating surface. The components of

*PERIODICzxy2dd-d-2dn = 2cabFigure 16.5–2*PERIODIC, TYPE=3D option.16.5–4ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*PERIODIC-2d-dd2dn = 2rzz = const periodic symm reference lineFigure 16.5–3*PERIODIC, TYPE=ZDIR option.16.5–5ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*PERMEABILITY16.6*PERMEABILITY: D efine permeability for pore fluid flow.This option is used to define permeability for pore fluid flow in problems involvin

*PERMEABILITYData lines to define fully saturated isotropic permeability (TYPE=ISOTROPIC):First line:1. k.(UnitsofLT−1.)2. Void ratio, e.3. Temperature

*PERMEABILITY6. .7. Void ratio, e.8. Temperature,.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter is specified):1. First field variable.2. S

*PHYSICAL C ONSTANTS16.7*PHYSICAL CONSTANTS: Specify physical constants.This option is used to define physical constants necessary for an analysis; sin

*PIEZOELECTRIC16.8*PIEZOELECTRIC: Specify piezoelectric material properties.This option is used to define the piezoelectric properties of a material.Pr

*PIEZOELECTRIC2. .3..4..5..6..7..8..Third line:1. .2..3. Temperature,.4. First field variable.5. Second field variable.6. Etc.,uptofivefieldvariables.Subs

*PIEZOELECTRIC3. .4..5..6..7..8..Third line:1. .2..3. Temperature,.4. First field variable.5. Second field variable.6. Etc.,uptofivefieldvariables.Subsequ

*PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION16.9*PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION: Specify element properties for pipe-soil interactionelements.This option is used to define properties

*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS16.10*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS: Define constitutive behavior for pipe-soil interactionelements.This option is used to d efine the constit

*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESSTYPESet TYPE=LINEAR (default) to define a lin ear constitutive model.Set TYPE=NONLINEAR to define a nonlinear constitutive m odel.Se

*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS3. Temperature.4. First field variable.5. Second field variable.6. Etc.,uptofivefieldvariables.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DE

*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS7. Second field variable.8. Third field variables.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater th

*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESSSubsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than three):1. Fourth field variable.2. Etc., up to

*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY9.2*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY: Define the impedance parameters for an acoustic mediumboundary.This option is used to define the proportional

*PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESSData lines if the c onstitutive behavior is defined in user s ubroutine UMAT ( TYPE=USER):First line:1. Enter the data to be used a

*PLANAR TEST DATA16.11*PLANAR TEST DATA: Used to provide planar test (or pure shear) data (compressionand/or tension).This option is used to provide p

*PLANAR TEST DATAData lines to specify planar test data for hyperelasticity other than the Marlow model:First line:1. Nominal stress, .2. Nominal stra

*PLANAR TEST DATA3. Nominal transverse strain, . Default is zero. Not needed if the POISSON parameter isspecifiedonthe*HYPERFOAM option.Repeat this dat

*PLASTIC16.12*PLASTIC: Specify a metal plasticity model.This option is used to spe cify the plastic part of the material model for elastic-plastic mat

*PLASTICOptional parameter for use with H ARDENING=ISOTROPIC:RATESet this param eter equal to the equivalent plastic strain rate,, for which this stre

*PLASTICData lines for HARDENING=COMBINED w ith DATA TYPE=STAB ILIZED:First line:1. Yield stress.2. Plastic strain.3. Strain range.4. Temperature.5. F

*PLASTIC2. Plastic strain.3. Temperature, if temperature dependent.Repeat this data line a maximum of two times to define linear kinematic hardening in

*PLASTIC AXIAL16.13*PLASTIC AXIAL: Define plastic axial force for frame elements.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*FRAME SECTION opt

*IMPEDANCE PROPERTYData lines to define an impedance using DATA=ADMITTANCE (default):First line:1. , the proportionality factor between pressure and di

*PLASTIC M116.14*PLASTIC M1: Define the first plastic bending moment behavior for frame elements.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*FR

*PLASTIC M216.15*PLASTIC M2: Define the second plastic bending moment behavior for frameelements.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*F

*PLASTIC TORQUE16.16*PLASTIC TORQUE: Define the plastic torsional moment behavior for frameelements.This option can be used only in conjunction with th

*POROUS BULK MODULI16.17*POROUS BULK MODULI: Define bulk moduli for soils and rocks.This option is used to define the bulk moduli of solid grains a nd a

*POROUS ELASTIC16.18*POROUS ELASTIC: Specify elastic material properties for porous materials.This option is used to define the elastic parameters for

*IMPERFECTION9.3*IMPERFECTION: Introduce geometric imperfections for postbuckling analysis.This option is used to introduce a geometric imperfection i

*POROUS ELASTIC2. Etc., up to eight field variables per line.Repeat this set of data lines as often as necessary to define the dependence of the materia

*POROUS FAILURE CRITERIA16.19*POROUS FAILURE CRITERIA: Define porous material failure crit eria for a*POROUSMETAL PLASTICITY mo del.This option is used

*POROUS METAL PLASTICITY16.20*POROUS METAL PLASTICITY: Specify a porous metal plasticity model.This option is used to s pecify the porous part of the

*POROUS METAL PLASTICITY6. Second field variable.7. Etc., up to four field variables.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a v

*POST OUTPUT16.21*POST OUTPUT: Postprocess for output from the restar t file.This option can be used only for postprocessing to recover additional prin

*POTENTIAL16.22*POTENTIAL: Define an anisotropic yield/creep model.This option is used to define stress ratios for anisotropic yield and creep behavior.

*POTENTIAL7. Temperature.8. First field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than one):1. Second fie

*PREPRINT16.23*PREPRINT: Select printout for the analysis input file processor.This option is used to select the printout that will be obtained from th

ABAQUS KeywordsReference ManualVolume IIVersion 6.6ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*IMPERFECTIONNSETSet this parameter equal to the node set to which the geometric imperfection values are to be applied.If this parameter is omitt ed,

*PRESSURE PENETRATION16.24*PRESSURE PENETRATION: Specify pressure penetration loads with surface-basedcontact.This option is used to prescribe pressur

*PRESSURE PENETRATIONOPSet OP=MOD (default) for existing pre ssure penetration loads to remain, with this option modifyingexisting pressure penetratio

*PRESSURE STRESS16.25*PRESSURE STRESS: Specify equivalent pressure stress as a predefined field for amass diffusion analysis.This option can be used onl

*PRESSURE STRESSare being reset to new values (not to initial conditions) via OP=NEW, the AMPLITUDE parameterdescribed above applies.Required paramete

*PRESSURE STRESSData lines to define pressures using the data line format:First line:1. Node set or node number. If a node set label is given, all node

*PRESTRESS HOLD16.26*PRESTRESS HOLD: Keep rebar prestress constant du ring initial equilibriumsolution.This option is used within a*STATIC step (“Stat

*PRE-TENSION SECTION16.27*PRE-TENSION SECTION: Associate a pre-tension node with a pre-tension section.This option is used to associate a pre-tension

*IMPERFECTION(X,Y,Z)Rectangular Cartesian(SYSTEM=R)(default)RθCylindrical(SYSTEM=C)(θ and φ are given in degrees)(R,θ,φ)θφSpherical(SYSTEM=S)ZYXYYZZXX

*PRE-TENSION SECTIONIf the data line is omitted, ABAQUS/Standard will com pute an average normal to the pre-tensionsection for continuum elements. For

*PRINT16.28*PRINT: Request or suppress output to the message file in an ABAQUS/Standardanalysis or to the status file in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysis.Thi

*PRINTRESIDUALSet RESIDUAL=YES (default) if the output of equilibrium residuals is to be given during theequilibrium iterations. Set RESIDUAL=NO to su

*PSD-DEFINITION16.29*PSD-DEFINITION: Define a cross-spectral density frequency function for randomresponse loading.This option is used to define a frequ

*PSD-DEFINITIONSet TYPE=FORCE (default) if this frequency function is given directly in power units.Set TYPE=DB if this frequency function is defined i

R17. RABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*RADIATE17.1*RADIATE: Specify radiation conditions in heat transfer analyses.This option is used to apply radiation boundary conditions between a nonc

*RADIATESet REGION TYPE=LAGRANGIAN (default) to apply the radiation conditi on to aLagrangian boundary region. The edge of a Lagrangian boundary regio

*RADIATION FILE17.2*RADIATION FILE: Define results file requests for cavity radiation heat transfer.This option is used to write cavity radiation variab

*RADIATION OUTPUT17.3*RADIATION OUTPUT: Define output database requests for cavity radiationvariables.This option is used to write cavity ra diation va

*RADIATION O UTPUTData lines to request cavity radiation output:First line:1. Specify the identifying keys for the variables to be written to the outp

*RADIATION PRINT17.4*RADIATION PRINT: Define print requests for cavity radiation heat transfer.This option is used to print tabula r output of cavity r

*RADIATION PRINTData lines to request printed output:First line:1. Give the identifying keys for the variables to be printed in a table for this reque

*RADIATION SYMMETRY17.5*RADIATION SYMMETRY: Define cavity symmetries for radiation heat transferanalysis.This option must precede the*CYCLIC,*PERIODIC,

*RADIATION VIEWFACTOR17.6*RADIATION VIEWFACTOR: Control cavity radiation and viewfactor calculations.This option is used to control the calculation of

*RADIATION VIEWFACTORSYMMETRYInclude this parameter to indicate the existence of radiation symmetries in the model. Thisparameter must be set equal to

*RANDOM RESPONSE17.7*RANDOM RESPONSE: Calculate response to random loading.This option is used to give the linearized response of a model to random ex

*IMPORT9.4*IMPORT: Impor t information from a previous ABAQUS/Explicit orABAQUS/Standard analysis.If this is an ABAQUS/Explicit analysi s, this option

*RATE DEPENDENT17.8*RATE DEPENDENT: Define a rate-dependent viscoplastic model.This option can be used in conjunction with the*PLASTIC option (HARDENIN

*RATE DEPENDENTData lines to define the overstress power law parameters (TYPE=POWER LAW):First line:1. D.2. n.3. Temperature.4. First field variable.5.

*RATIOS17.9*RATIOS: Define anisotropic swelling.This option is used to specify ratios that define anisotropic swelling. The*RATIOS option can be used on

*RATIOSSubsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than four):1. Fifth field variable.2. Etc., up to eight field var

*REBAR17.10*REBAR: Define rebar as an element property.This option is used as an alternative method to define rebar as an element property in shells, me

*REBAROptional parameters:GEOMETRYThis parameter is not meaningful for rebar in beams, axisymm etric shells, or axisymmetricmembranes, or for single r

*REBAR21Local beamsection axesXX12RebarFigure 17.10–1 Rebar location in a beam section.Data lines to define isoparametric rebar in three-dimensional sh

*REBAR3214Similar to edge 1 or 3Similar to edge 2 or 41 1-2 2 2-3 3 3-4 4 4-1 Edge Corner nodes422311physical spaceisoparametric spac

*REBARData lines to define rebar in axisymmetric shell elements:First line:1. Element number or name of the element set that contains these rebar.2. Cr

*IMPORTthe analysis is to be imported. If this param eter is omitted, the analysis is imported from the lastavailable interval of the specified step.IT

*REBAR4. Orientation of rebar in degrees. See Figure 17.10–3.5. Fractional distance from the edge given below, f (ratio of the distance between the ed

*REBAR5. Isoparametric direction (for three-dimensional elements only).In three-dimensional cases the fractional distances,and are given along the firs

*REBAREdge Corner nodes 1 1-2 2 2-3 3 3-4 4 4-1 rebar layer BLA2L22143Is

*REBAREdge Corner nodes 1 1-2 2 2-3 3 3-4 4 4-1 Isoparametric mapping of

*REBAREdge Corner nodes 1 1-2 2 2-3 L22143Isoparametric mapping of element with rebar4321yxsingle r

*REBARIsoparametric direction: 1 (parallel to the 1-2 edge of the element and intersecting face 1-4-8-5)Iso

*REBAR LAYER17.11*REBAR LAYER: Define layers of reinforcement in membrane, shell, surface, andcontinuum elements.This option is used to define one or mu

*REBAR LAYERORIENTATIONThis param eter is meaningful only for rebar in general shell, membrane, and surface elements. Setthis parameter equal to the n

*REBAR LAYER9. Radius, , of the rebar defined with GEOMETRY=LIFT EQUATION. The value is theposition of the rebar in the uncured geometry, measured with

*IMPORT CONTROLS9.5*IMPORT CONTROLS: Specify tolerances used in importing model and results data.This option is used to specify the tolerance for erro

*REFLECTION17.12*REFLECTION: Define reflection symmetries for a cavity radiation heat transferanalysis.This option is used to define a cavity symmetry by

*REFLECTIONData lines to define reflection of a three-dimensional cavity (TYPE=PLANE):First line:1. X-coordinate of point a (see Figure 17.12–2).2. Y-co

*REFLECTIONZXabnYcFigure 17.12–2*REFLECTION, TYPE=PLANE option.17.12–3ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*REFLECTIONzrz = constsymmetry lineFigure 17.12–3*REFLECTION, TYPE=ZCONST option.17.12–4ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*RELEASE17.13*RELEASE: Release rotational degrees of freedom at one or both ends of a beamelement.This option is used to release a r otational degree

*RESPONSE SPECTRUM17.14*RESPONSE SPECTRUM: Calculate the response based on user-supplied responsespectra.This option is used to calculate estimates of

*RESPONSE SPECTRUM4. Z-direction cosine of this direction.5. Factor multiplying the magnitudes i n the response spectr um. Default is 1.0.Second line

*RESTART17.15*RESTART: Save and reuse data and analysis results.WARNING: This option can create a ve ry large amount of data. The size is estimated by

*RESTARTIf this parameter is omitted, the restart will begin at the end of the step specified on the STEPparameter.ITERATIONIf the new analysis is rest

*RESTARTWhen the OVERLAY parameter is included, each increment w ritten overlays the previousincrement, if any, writ ten for the same step. If this pa

*RESTARTOptional parameters if the W RITE parameter is used:NUMBER INTERVALSet this parameter equal to the number of intervals during the step at whic

*RETAINED EIGENMODES17.16*RETAINED EIGENMODES: Select the modes to be retained in a substructuregeneration analysis.This option selects the modes to b

*RETAINED NODAL DOFS17.17*RETAINED NODAL DOFS: Specify the degrees of freedom that are to be retained asexternal to a substructure.This option is used

*RIGID BODY17.18*RIGID BODY: Define a set of elements as a rigid body and define rigid elementproperties.This option is used to bind a set of elements a

*RIGID BODYPIN NSETSet this parameter equal to the name of a node set containing pin-type nodes to be assigned to therigid body. This parameter can be

*RIGID BODYThere are no data lines associated with this option in an ABAQUS/Standard analysis.Data line for R2D2, RB2D2, and RB3D2 elements in an ABAQ

*IMPORT ELSET9.6*IMPORT ELSET: Import element set definitions from a previou s ABAQUS/Explicit o rABAQUS/Standard analysis.This option is used to impor

*RIGID SURFACE17.19*RIGID SURFACE: Define an analytical rigid surface.This option must be used when defining the seabed for three-dimensional drag chain

*RIGID SURFACESet TYPE=CYLINDER to define a three-dimensional rigid surface by providing connectedline segments and then sweeping them along a specified

*RIGID SURFACEThird line:1. The “word” START.2. Local x-coordinate of the starting point of the lin e segments.3. Local y-coordinate of the starting p

*RIGID SURFACEData line to define a parabolic arc segment:1. The “word” PARAB.2. x-coordinate of the middle point along the parabolic arc.3. y-coordina

*RIGID SURFACElocal rline segmentcircular arc segmentnablocal zStartnFigure 17.19–2*RIGID SURFACE, TYPE=REVOLUTION.17.19–5ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID

*ROTARY INERTIA17.20*ROTARY INERTIA: Define rigid body rotary iner tia.This option is used to define rigid body rotary inertia values associated with RO

*ROTARY INERTIAIn large-displacem ent analysis (an ABAQU S/Explicit analysis or when the NLGEOMparameter is included on the*STEP option in an ABAQUS/S

S18. SABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*SECTION CONTROLS18.1*SECTION CONTROLS: Specify section controls.WARNING: Using values larger th an the default values for hourglass control canproduc

*SECTION CONTROLSRequired parameter:NAMESet this parameter equal to a label that will be used to refer to the section control definition. Allsection co

*SECTION CONTROLSABAQUS/Standard and ABAQUS/Explicit. Any data given on the data line will be ignored forthis case.Set HOUR GLASS=RELAX STIFFNESS (def

*SECTION CONTROLSNO. For elements other than cohesive elements, connector elements, and elem ents with plane stressformulations the default value is 1

*SECTION CONTROLS3. Scaling factor, , for the hourglass stiffness for use with the out-of-plane displacem ent degreeof freedom in small-strain shell e

*SECTION FILE18.2*SECTION FILE: Define results file requests of accumulated quantities onuser-defined surface sections.This option is used to control out

*SECTION FILEaverage rigid body m otion of the surface section. This parameter is relevant only if AXES=LOCALand the NLGEOM parameter is active in the

*SECTION FILE2a3b1defined section2a1anchor pointanchor pointYYXXelements used todefine the section2-D and axisymmetric3-Ddefined sectionZFigure 18.2–1

*IMPORT NSET9.7*IMPORT NSET: Import node set definitions from a previous ABAQUS/Explicit orABAQUS/Standard analysis.This option is used to im port node

*SECTION ORIGIN18.3*SECTION ORIGIN: Define a meshed cross-section origin.This option is used in conjunction with the*BEAM SECTION GENERATE option to de

*SECTION POINTS18.4*SECTION POINTS: Locate points in the beam section for which stress and strainoutput are required.This option is used as model data

*SECTION POINTS4. Local -position of second section point.Continue giving coordinate pairs for as many points as needed. At most four pairs of points

*SECTION PRINT18.5*SECTION PRINT: Define print requests of accumulated quantities on user-definedsurface sections.This option is used to provide tabular

*SECTION PRINTaverage rigid body m otion of the surface section. This parameter is relevant only if AXES=LOCALand the NLGEOM parameter is active in th

*SECTION PRINT2a3b1defined section2a1anchor pointanchor pointYYXXelements used todefine the section2-D and axisymmetric3-Ddefined sectionZFigure 18.5–

*SELECT CYCLIC SYMMETRY MODES18.6*SELECT CYCLIC SYMMETRY MODES: Specify the cyclic symmetry modes in aneigenvalue analysis of a cyclic symmetric struc

Trademarks and Legal N oticesCAUTIONARY NOTICE TO USERS:This manual is intended for qualified users who will e xercise sound engineering judgment and e

*SELECT EIGENMODES18.7*SELECT EIGENMODES: Select the modes to be used in a modal dynamic analysis.This option selects the modes to be used in a dynami

*SELECT EIGENMODESData lines if the GENERATE parameter is omitted and DEFINITION=MODE NUMBERS:First line:1. List of modes to be used.Repeat this data

*SFILM18.8*SFILM: Define film coefficients and associated sink temperatures over a surface forheat transfer analysis.This option is used to provide film c

*SFILMThe FILM AMPLITUDE parameter is ignored if a nonuniform film coefficient is defined inuser subroutine FILM or if a film coefficient is defined to be a

*SFLOW18.9*SFLOW: Define seepage coefficients and associated sink pore pressures normal toa surface.This option is used to pr ovide seepage coefficients

*SFLOWData lines to define drainage-only seepage:First line:1. Surface nam e.2. Seepage flow type label QD.3. Drainage-only seepage coefficient value,.(U

*SHEAR CENTER18.10*SHEAR CENTER: Define the position of the shear center of a beam section.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*BEAM GE

*SHEAR FAILURE18.11*SHEAR FAILURE: Specify a shear failure model and criterion.This option is used with the Mises or the Johnson-Cook plasticity model

*INCIDENT WAVE9.8*INCIDENT WAVE: Define incident wave loading for a blast or scattering load on aboundary.The preferred interface for applying incident

*SHEAR FAILUREData lines to define the failure strain in t abular form (TYPE=TABULAR):First line:1. Equivalent plastic strain at failure, .2. Rate of e

*SHEAR RETENTION18.12*SHEAR RETENTION: Define the reduction of the shear modulus associated withcrack surfaces in a*CONCRETE model as a function of the

*SHEAR RETENTION7. Second field variable.8. Third field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than th

*SHEAR TEST DATA18.13*SHEAR TEST DATA: Used to provide shear test data.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*VISCOELASTIC option. The*S

*SHELL GENERAL SECTION18.14*SHELL GENERAL SECTION: D efine a general, arbitrary, elastic shell section.This option is used to define a general, arbitrar

*SHELL GENERAL SECTIONcontrols,” Section 21.1.4 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual) or to be used in a subsequentABAQUS/Explicit import analysis.OFF

*SHELL GENERAL SECTIONThe following parameters are optional, mutually exclusive, and used only if the section is notdefined by its g eneral stiffness o

*SHELL GENERAL SECTIONOptional parameter for use when the MATERIAL, the COMPOSITE, and the USER parametersare omitted:DEPENDENCIESSet this parameter e

*SHELL GENERAL SECTION3. , temperature for these values of Y and .4. First field variable.5. Second field variable.6. Etc.,uptofivefieldvariables.Subseque

*INCIDENT WAVEPRESSURE AMPLITUDESet this parameter equal to the name of the amplitude curve defining the fluid pressure timehistory at the standoff poin

*SHELL SECTION18.15*SHELL SECTION: Specify a shell cross-section.This option is used to specify a shell cross-section.Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS

*SHELL SECTIONDENSITYSet this parameter equal to a mass per unit surface area of the shell.If this parameter is used, the mass of the s h ell includes

*SHELL SECTIONIn ABAQUS/Standard the default is POISSON=0.5; in ABAQUS/Explicit the default isPOISSON=MATERIAL.STAC K DIRECTIONThis parameter is relev

*SHELL SECTIONbe at least 3, except in a pure heat transfer analysis, where the number of integration pointscan be 1 for a constant temperature throug

*SHELL TO SOLID COUPLING18.16*SHELL TO SOLID COUPLING: Define a surface-based coupling between a shelledge and a solid face.This surface-based option a

*SHELL TO SOLID COUPLING2. The solid surface name.Repeat this data line as often as n ecessary to define all the surfaces forming the coupling definitio

*SIMPEDANCE18.17*SIMPEDANCE: D efine impedances of acoustic surfaces.This option is used to provide surface impedance information or nonreflecting bound

*SIMPEDANCEOptional parameter:OPSet OP=MOD (default) to modify existing impe dances or to define addi tional impedances.Set OP=NEW if all existing im p

*SIMPLE SHEAR TEST DATA18.18*SIMPLE SHEAR TEST DATA: Used to provide simple shear test data.This option is used to provide simple shear test data. It

*INCIDENT WAVE FLUID PROPERTY9.9*INCIDENT WAVE FLUID PROPERTY: Define the fluid properties associated with anincident wave.The preferred interface for d

*SLIDE LINE18.19*SLIDE LINE: Specify slide line surfaces on which deformable structures mayintera ct.This option is relevant only for slide line and t

*SLIDE LINESMOOTHSet this parameter equal to the smoothing fraction, f, to round discontinuities between line segm entsof a slide line. The default is

*SLOAD18.20*SLOAD: A pply loads to a substructure.This option is used to activate a substructure load case defined by the*SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD CASEoption.

*SOILS18.21*SOILS: Effective stress analysis for fluid-filled porous media.This option is used to specify transient (consolidation) or steady-state resp

*SOILSFACTORSet this parameter equal to the damping factor to be used in the automatic damping algorithm(see “Solving nonlinear problems,” Section 7.1

*SOILS5. The rate of change of pore pressure with time, used to define steady state: only needed ifEND=SS is chosen. When all n odal wetting liquid pre

*SOLID SECTION18.22*SOLID SECTION: Specify element properties for solid, infinite, acoustic, and trusselements.This option is us ed to define pro pertie

*SOLID SECTIONRequired parameter for anisotropic materials optional parameter for isotropic materials:ORIENTATIONSet this param eter equal to the nam

*SOLID SECTIONData line to define homogeneous solid elements, infinite elements, acoustic elements, or trusselements:First (and only) line:1. Enter any

*SOLUBILITY18.23*SOLUBILITY: Specify solubility.This option is used to define the solubility for a material diffusing through a base material. It must

*SOLUTION TECHNIQUE18.24*SOLUTION TECHNIQUE: Specify alternative solution methods.This option is used to specify the quasi-Newton m ethod instead of t

*SOLUTION TECHNIQUEData line for TYPE=CONTACT ITERATIONS:First (and only) line:1. Correction factor on the maximum number of right-hand-side solutions

*SOLVER CONTROLS18.25*SOLVER CONTROLS: Specify controls for the iterative linear solver.This option is used to set th e control parameters for the ite

*SORPTION18.26*SORPTION: Define absorption and exsorption behavior.This option is used to define absorption and exsorption behaviors of a partially satu

*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION9.10*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION: D efine incident wave loading for a blast orscattering load on a surface.This option is used

*SORPTION3. . This value must lie in the range . The default is 0.01.4.. This value must lie in the range . The default is 0.01 plus a verysmall posit

*SPECIFIC HEAT18.27*SPECIFIC HEAT: Define specific heat.This option is used to specify a material’s specific heat.Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explic

*SPECTRUM18.28*SPECTRUM: Define a response spectrum.This option is used to define a spectrum to be used in a*RESPONSE SPECTRUM analysis.Product: ABAQUS/

*SPECTRUMDate lines to define a spectrum:First line:1. Magnitude of the spectrum.2. Frequency, in cycles per time, at which this magnitude is used.3. A

*SPRING18.29*SPRING: Define spring behavior.This option is used to define the spring behavior for spring elements.In ABAQ US/Standard analyses it is als

*SPRINGsystem. Set this parameter equal to the nam e of the*ORIENTATION definition (“Orientations,”Section 2.2.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual).

*SPRING5. Second field variable.6. Etc.,uptofivefieldvariables.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than five):

*SPRING2. For SPRING2 elements give the degree of freedom with which the springs are associated attheir second nodes.If the ORIENTATION parameter is i

*SRADIATE18.30*SRADIATE: Specify surface radiation conditions in heat transfer analysis.This option is used to apply surface radiation boundary condit

*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTIONPRESSURE AMPLITUDESet this parameter equal to the name of the amplitude curve defining the fluid pressure timehistory at the s

*SRADIATE4. Emissivity, .Repeat this data line as often as necessary to define radiation conditions for different surfaces.18.30–2ABAQUS Version 6.1 Mo

*STATIC18.31*STATIC: Static stress/displacement analysis.This option is used to indicate that the step should be analyzed as a static load step.Produc

*STATICby ABAQUS is not suitable. This parameter must be used in conjunction with the STABILIZEparameter and overrides the autom atic calculation of t

*STATIC3. Minim um time increment allowed. O nly used for automatic time increm entation. IfABAQUS/Standard finds it needs a smaller time incre ment th

*STEADY STATE CRITERIA18.32*STEADY STATE CRITERIA: Specify steady-state criteria for terminating aquasi-static uni-directional simulation.This option

*STEADY STATE C RITERIA7. First direction cosine of force or torque norm output at the reference node.8. Second direction cosine of force or torque no

*STEADY STATE DETECTION18.33*STEADY STATE DETECTION: Specify steady-state requirements for terminating aquasi-static uni-directional simulation.This o

*STEADY STATE DETECTION3. Third direction cosine of primary direction.4. Global X- coordinate of a point on the cutting pla ne.5. Global Y-coordinate

*STEADY STATE DYNAMICS18.34*STEADY STATE DYNAMICS: Steady-state dynamic response based on harmonicexcitation.This option is used to calculate the syst

*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION PROPERTY9.11*INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION PROPERTY: Define the geome tric data and fluidproperties describing an incident wave.T

*STEADY STAT E DYNAMICSSet SUBSPACE PROJECTION=EIGENFREQUEN CY if the projections onto the modalsubspace of the dynamic equations are to be performed

*STEADY STATE DYNAMICSData lines for a steady-state dynamics analysis:First line:1. Lower limit of frequency range or a single frequency, in cycles/ti

*STEADY STATE TRANSPORT18.35*STEADY STATE TRA NSPORT: Steady-state transport analysis.This option is used to indicate that the step should be analyzed

*STEADY STATE TRANSPORTparameter and overrides the autom atic calculation of the dam ping factor based on a value of thedissipated energy fraction.INE

*STEADY STATE TRANSPORTterminated. If this entry is zero, a default value of the smaller of the suggested initial timeincrement or 10−5times the total

*STEP18.36*STEP: Begin a step.This option is used to begin each step definition. It must be followed by a procedure definition option.Products: ABAQUS/S

*STEPCONVERT SDIThis parameter determines how severe discontinuities (such as contact changes) are accounted forduring nonlinear analysis.Set CONVERT

*STEPNAMESet this parameter equal to a label that will be used to refer to the step on the output database. Stepnames in the same input file must be un

*STEPBeginning a step in an ABAQUS/Explicit analysisReferences:•“Procedures: overview,” Section 6.1.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual• *END STEPO

*SUBMODEL18.37*SUBMODEL: Specify driven boundary nodes in submodeling analysis.This option is used to specify the total list of “driven nodes” for a s

*SUBMODELEXTERIOR TOLERANCESet this parameter equal to the fraction of the average elem ent size in the global m odel by which adriven node of the sub

*SUBSTRUCTURE COPY18.38*SUBSTRUCTURE COPY: Copy a substructure definition.This option is used to copy a substructu re definition from one library to ano

*SUBSTRUCTURE DELETE18.39*SUBSTRUCTURE DELETE: Remove a substructure from the substructure library.This option is used to delete a substructure from a

*SUBSTRUCTURE D IRECTORY18.40*SUBSTRUCTURE DIRECTORY: List information about the substructures on asubstructure library.This option is used to provide

*SUBSTRUCTURE GENERATE18.41*SUBSTRUCTURE GENERATE: Substructure generation analysis.This option is used to indicate that the step should be analyzed a

*INCIDENT WAVE PROPERTY9.12*INCIDENT WAVE PROPERTY: Define the geometric data describing an incidentwave .The preferred interface for defining the geome

*SUBSTRUCTURE GENERATEPROPERTY EVALUATIONSet this parameter equal to the frequency at which to evaluate frequency-dependent propertiesfor viscoelastic

*SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD CASE18.42*SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD CA SE: Begin the definition of a substructure load case.This option is used to begin the definition of a

*SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT18.43*SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT: Write a substructure’s recovery matrix,reduced stiffness matrix, mass matrix, load case v

*SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUTSet OUTPUT FILE=USER DEFINED to write the results to a user-specified file in theformat of the*USER ELEMENT, LINEAR option (“

*SUBSTRUCTURE PAT H18.44*SUBSTRUCTURE PATH: Enter into a substructure to obtain output or return backfrom a previously entered substructure.This optio

*SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY18.45*SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY: Translate, rotate, and/or reflect substructures.This option is used to define propertie s for a subst

*SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY3. Value of the translation to be applied in the global Z-direction.Enter values of zero to apply a pure r otation.Second line:1

*SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTYData lines to translate, rotate, and reflect a substructure:First line:1. Value of the translation to be applied in the global X-

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*INCIDENT WAVE PROPERTY4. X-component of , the velocity of the incident wave standoff point.5. Y-com ponent of, the velocity of the incident wave stan

*SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTYθabθFigure 18.45–1 Substructure rotation.bcaFigure 18.45–2 Substructure reflection. Points a, b,andc cannot be colinear.18.45–4AB

*SURFACE18.46*SURFACE: Define a surface or region in a model.This option is used to define surfaces for contact simulations, tie constraints, fasteners,

*SURFACESet COMBINE=INTERSECTION to create a surface based on the intersection of two surfacesof the same type.Set COMBINE=DIFFERENCE to create a surf

*SURFACEfinite-sliding contact formulation in ABAQUS/Standard or the surface is used with the contact pairalgorithm in ABAQUS/Explicit. TRIM=YES has no

*SURFACEData lines for C OMBINE=UNION:First line:1. List of surfaces.Repeat this data line as often as necessary. Up to 16 entr ies are allowed per li

*SURFACE2. Face or edge identifier label (see “Defining element-based surfaces,” Section 2.3.2 of theABAQUS Analysis U ser’s Manual, for the face and ed

*SURFACE3. Global Y-coordin ate or z-coordinate of the starting point of the line segments.Second and subsequent data lines define the various line, ci

*SURFACE3. Local z-coordinate of the starting point of the line segment s.Third and subsequent data lines define the various line, circular, and parabo

*SURFACEStartLine segmentLocal y-axiscLocal x-axisb annOutward normalCircular arc segmentLocal z-axisGeneratordirectionFigure 18.46–1*SURFACE, TYPE=CY

*SURFACElocal rline segmentcircular arc segmentnablocal zStartnFigure 18.46–2*SURFACE, TYPE=REVOLUTION.18.46–9ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*INCIDENT WAVE REFLECTION9.13*INCIDENT WAVE REFLECTION: Define the reflection load on a surface caused byincident wave fields.This option is used to defin

*SURFACE BEHAVIOR18.47*SURFACE BEHAVIOR: Define alternative pressure-overclosure relationships forcontact.This option is used to modify the default har

*SURFACE BEHAVIORABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual, for a discussion of the default penalty stiffness. You can specifyor modify the penalty stiffness on t

*SURFACE BEHAVIORData line for PRESSURE-OVERCLOSURE=EXPONENTIAL:First (and only) line:1. Clearance at which the contact pressure is zero, (see Figure

*SURFACE BEHAVIORRepeat this data line in ascend ing order of overclosure value as often as necessary to definethe overclosure as a function of pressur

*SURFACE BEHAVIOR(pn,hn)(p3,h3)(p2,h2)(0,h1)Overclosure hPressure pClearance cFigure 18.47–3 Pressure-overclosure relationship defined in tabular form.

*SURFACE FLAW18.48*SURFACE FLAW: Define geometry of surface flaws.This option is used with line spring elements to define the geometry of the part-throug

*SURF ACE INTERACTION18.49*SURFACE INTERACTION: Define surface interaction properties.This option is used to create a surface interaction property defin

*SURFACE INTERACTIONSet this parameter equal to the thickness of an interfacial layer between the contacting surfaces.The value can be positive or neg

*SURF ACE INTERACTIONSecond line (needed only if the PROPERTIES parameter is used):1. Enter the values of the surface interaction p roperties, eight p

*SURF ACE PROPERTY18.50*SURFACE PROPERTY: Define surface properties for cavity radiation.This option is used to define surface properties for cavity rad

*SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT18.51*SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT: Assign surface properties to a surface for thegeneral contact algorithm.This option is

*SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENTData lines for PROPERTY=OFFSET FRACTION:First line:1. Surface name. If the surface name is omitted, a default surface that

*SURFACE SECTION18.52*SURFACE SECTION: Specify section properties for surface elements.This option is used to specify a surface elem ent cross-section

*SWELLING18.53*SWELLING: Specify time-dependent volumetric swelling.This option is used to specify time-dependent metal swelling for a material. Swell

*INCLUDE9.14*INCLUDE: Reference an external file containing ABAQUS input data.This option is used to reference an external file containing a portion of

*SWELLING2. Etc., up to eight field variables per line.Repeat this set of data lines as often as neces sary to define the dependence of volumetr ic swel

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION18.54*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION: Create a three-dimensional model from anaxisymmetric or partial three-dimensional model.T

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATIONOptional parameters:ELEMENT OFFSETSet this parameter equal to an integer to define the offset for element numbering. When th

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATIONSecond line:1. Segment angle, (in degrees), of the original three-dim ensional sector. .2. Number of three-dimensional repe

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION2. Angular scaling factor in the circumferential direction with respect to the original sector. Thedefault is 1.0.Repeat th

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATIONSecond line:1. X-coordinate of point c.2. Y-coordinate of point c.3. Z-coordinate of point c.Data lines if the REVOLVE para

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATIONbaθyxzFigure 18.54–1 Revolving a single three-dimensional repetitivesector to create a periodic structure.bzcrazZYXθreferen

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION875463123 + n7 + n6 + n5 + n4 + n1 + n2 + n8 + nabreflection lineFigure 18.54–3 Reflecting a three-dimensional model through

*SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION587463122 + n6 + n7 + n8 + n1 + n4 + n5 + nabcreflection plane3 + nFigure 18.54–4 Reflecting a three-dimensional model throu

*SYMMETRIC RESULTS TRANSFER18.55*SYMMETRIC RESULTS TR ANSFER: Import results from an axisymmetric or partialthree-dimensional analysis.This option is

*SYMMETRIC RESULTS TRANSFERSet UNBALANCED STRESS=RAMP if the stress unbalance is to be resolved linearly overthe step.There are no data lines associat

*SYSTEM18.56*SYSTEM: Specify a local coordinate system in which to define nodes.This option is used to define nodes by accepting coordinates relative to

*SYSTEMZYXXYZ111(local)(global)abcFigure 18.56–1 Local coordinate system.18.56–2ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

T19. TABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*TEMPERATURE19.1*TEMPERATURE: Specify temperature as a predefined field.This option is used to specify tem perature as a predefined field during an analys

*TEMPERATUREapply. Rather, the AMPLITUDE parameter given on the*STEP option governs the behaviorin an ABAQUS/Standard analysis, and the temperatures a

*TEMPERATUREESTEPSet this parameter equal to the step num ber (of the analysis whose results or output database fileis being used as input to this opti

*TEMPERATURE2. Reference temperature value. If the AMPLITUDE parameter is present, this value andsubsequent temperature values will be modified by the

*TEMPERATUREData lines to define temperatures using user subroutine UTEMP:First line:1. Node set or node number.Repeat this data line as often as neces

*INCREMENTATION OUTPUT9.15*INCREMENTATION OUTPUT: Define output database requests for timeincrementation data.This option is used to write incrementati

*TENSILE FAILURE19.2*TENSILE FAILURE: Specify a tensile failure model and criterion .This option is used with t he Mises or the Johnson-Cook plasticit

*TENSILE FAILURESet PRESSURE=DUCTILE to model the cas e where the pressure stress will be limited by thehydrostatic cutoff stress when the failure cri

*TENSION STIFFENING19.3*TENSION STIFFENING: Define the retained tensile stress normal to a crack in a*CONCRETE model.This option is used to define the r

*TENSION STIFFENING4. First field variable.5. Second field variable.6. Etc.,uptofivefieldvariables.The first point at each value of temperature must be a s

*THERMAL EXPANSION19.4*THERMAL EXPANSION: Define the thermal expansion behavior of beams.This option c an be used onl y in conjunction with the*BEAM G

*TIE19.5*TIE: Define surface-based tie and cyclic symmetry constraints or coupled acoustic-structural interactions.This option is used to impose tie co

*TIEOptional parameters:ADJUSTSet ADJUST=YES (default) to move all tied nodes on the slave surface onto the m aster surface inthe initial configuration

*TIME POINTS19.6*TIME POINTS: Specify time points at w hich data are written to the output databaseor restar t files, or specify time points in the loa

*TIME POINTSData lines if the GENERATE parameter is om itted:First line:1. List of time po ints; the points must be arrange d in ascending order.Repea

*TORQUE19.7*TORQUE: Define the torsional behavior of beams.This option c an be used onl y in conjunction with the*BEAM G ENERAL SECTION,SECTION=NONLINE

*TORQUESubsequent lines (only needed if the D EPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than six):1. Seventh field variable.2. Etc., up to eight field v

*TORQUE PRINT19.8*TORQUE PRINT: Print a summary of the total torque that can be transmitted acrossaxisymmetric slide lines.This option is used to obta

*TRACER PARTICLE19.9*TRACER PARTICLE: Define tracer particles for tracking the location of and resultsat material points during a step.This option is u

*TRANSFORM19.10*TRANSFORM: Specify a local coordinate system at nodes.This option is used to specify a local coordinate system for displacement and ro

*TRANSFORMXYZY1Z1(global)baX1Figure 19.10–1 Cartesian transformation option.XYZXYZ1(global)ba11(radial)(axial)(tangential)Figure 19.10–2 Cylindrical t

*TRANSFORMXYZ(global)abZ1 (meridional)Y1 (circumferential)X1 (radial)Figure 19.10–3 Spherical transformation option.19.10–3ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:I

*INELASTIC HEAT FRACTION9.16*INELASTIC H EAT FRACTION: Define the fraction of the rate of inelastic dissipationthat appears as a heat source.This optio

*TRANSPORT VELOCITY19.11*TRANSPORT VELOCITY: Specify angular transport velocity.This option is used to define the angular velocity of material transpor

*TRANSPORT VELOCITYGENERATION option. For a rigid body of type REVOLUTION the rotation is assum ed to beabout the axis of revolution of the body.Repea

*TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESS19.12*TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESS: Define transverse shear stiffness for beams andshells.This option must be used in conjunct

*TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESSData line when used with all other beam sections:First (and only) line:1. Value of the shear stiffness of the section.2. Va

*TRIAXIAL TEST DATA19.13*TRIAXIAL TEST DATA: Provide triaxial test data.This option is required if some or all of the m aterial parameters that define

*TRS19.14*TRS: Used to define temperature-time shift for time history viscoelastic analysis.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*VISCOE

U20. UABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*UEL PROPERTY20.1*UEL PROPERTY: Define proper ty values to be used with a user element type.This option is used to define the properties of a user elem

*UNDEX CH ARGE PROPERTY20.2*UNDEX CHARGE PROPERTY: Define an UNDEX charge for incident w aves.This option defines parameters that create the tim e histo

*UNDEX CHARGE PROPERTY2. Maximum number of time steps for the bubble simulation, . The bubble amplitudesimulation ceases when the number of steps reac

*UNIAXIAL TEST DATA20.3*UNIAXIAL TEST DATA: Used to provide uniaxial test data (compression and/ortension).This option is used to provide uniaxial tes

*UNIAXIAL TEST DATAData lines to specify uniaxial test data for the Marlow model:First line:1. Nominal stress, .2. Nominal strain,.3. Nominal lateral

*UNIAXIAL TEST DATAUsing uniaxial test data to define the Mullins effect material modelReferences:•“Mullins effect in rubberlike materials,” Section 17

*USER DEFINED FIELD20.4*USER DEFINED FIELD: Redefine field variables at a material point.This material option is used to allow the values of field variab

*INERTIA RELIEF9.17*INERTIA RELIEF: Apply inertia-based load balancing.This option is used to apply inertia-based loads on a free or partially constra

*USER ELEMENT20.5*USER ELEMENT: Introduce a user-defined element type .This option is used to introduce a linear or a general user-defined elem ent. It

*USER ELEMENTRequired parameters if the FILE parameter is included:OLD ELEMENTSet this parameter equal to the elem ent number that was assigned to the

*USER ELEMENTSecond line if the a ctive degrees of freedom are different at subsequent nodes:1. Enter the position in the connectivity list (node posi

*USER ELEMENTPROPERTIESSet this parameter equal to the number of real (floating point) property values needed as data in usersubroutine UEL to define su

*USER MATERIAL20.6*USER MATERIAL: Define material constants for use in subroutine UMAT, UMATHT,orVUMAT.This option is used to input material constants

*USER MATERIALInclude this parameter if the material stiffness matrix, , is not symmetric or whena thermal constitutive model is used andis not symmet

*USER OUTPUT VARIABLES20.7*USER OUTPUT VARIABLES: Specify number of user variables.This option is used to allow ABAQ US to allocate space at each mate

V21. VABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

PrefaceThis section lists various resources that are available for help with using ABAQUS.SupportABAQUS, Inc., offers both technical engineering suppo

*INERTIA RELIEFThere are no data lines when the FIXED or REMOVE parameters are specified.9.17–2ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*VARIABLE MASS SCALING21.1*VARIABLE MASS SCALING: Specify mass scaling during the step.This option is used to specify mass sc aling during the step fo

*VARIABLE MASS SCALINGRequired, mutually exclusive parameters if the D T parameter or the TYPE=ROLLING parameteris used:FREQUENCYSet this parameter eq

*VIEWFACTOR OUTPUT21.2*VIEWFACTOR OUTPUT: Write radiation viewfactors to the results file in cavityradiation heat transfer analysis.This option is used

*VISCO21.3*VISCO: Transient, static, stress/displacement analysis with time-dependentmaterial respons e (creep, swelling, and viscoelasticity).This op

*VISCOSTABILIZEInclude this parameter to use automatic stabilization if the problem is e xpected to be u nstable dueto local instabilities. Set this p

*VISCOELASTIC21.4*VISCOELASTIC: Specify dissipative behavior for use with e lasticity.This option is used to generalize a material’s elastic response

*VISCOELASTICTIMEUse this parameter to choose the time domain definition. In this case the material’s elasticity mustbe defined using the*ELASTIC, the*H

*VISCOELASTICOptional parameters when test data are given to define time domain viscoelasticity withTIME=CREEP TEST DATA or TIME=RELAXATION TEST DATA o

*INITIAL CONDITIONS9.18*INITIAL CONDITIONS: Specify initial conditions for the model.This option is used to prescribe initial conditions for an analys

*VISCOELASTIC3. Frequency, f, in cycles per time.4. Uniaxial nominal strain (defines the level of uniaxial preload).Repeat this data line as often as n

*VISCOELASTIC4. Closure (defines the level of preload).Repeat this data line as often as necessary to define the effective thickness-direction gasket lo

*VISCOUS21.5*VISCOUS: Specify viscous material properties for the two-layer viscoplastic model.This option is used to d efine the viscous properties fo

*VISCOUS7. Second field variable.8. Third field variable.Subsequent lines (only needed if the DEPENDENCIES parameter has a value greater than three):1.

*VOID NUCLEATION21.6*VOID NUCLEATION: Define the nucleation of voids in a porous material.This option is used to model the nucleation of voids in a por

*VOLUMETRIC TEST DATA21.7*VOLUMETRIC TEST DATA: Provide volumetric test data.This option can be used only in conjunction with the*HYPERELASTIC option,

*VOLUMETRIC TEST DATASee “Using the DEPENDENCIES parameter to define field variable dependence” in “Material datadefinition,” Section 16.1.2 of the ABAQU

*VOLUMETRIC TEST DATAViscoelastic material modelReferences:•“Time domain viscoelasticity,” Section 17.7.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual• *VISCO

*INITIAL CONDITIONSSet TYPE=PORE PRESSURE to give initial pore fluid pressures for a coupled pore fluiddiffusion/stress analysis in ABAQUS/Standard.Set

W, X, Y , Z22. W,X,Y,ZABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*WAVE22.1*WAVE: Define gravity waves for use in immersed structure calculations.This option is used to define gravity waves for use in applying loads.Pr

*WAVEOptional parameters for TYPE=GRIDDED:MINIMUMSet this parameter equal to the elevation below which point the structure is fully immersed forall ti

*WAVE5. y-direction cosine defining the direction of the vector (the direction of travel for this wavecomponent). This component is not neede d in two-

*WIND22.2*WIND: Define wind velocity profile for wind loading.Thisoptionisusedtodefineawindvelocityprofileforuseinapplyingloads.Product: ABAQUS/AquaType:

About ABAQUS, Inc.Founded in 1978, ABAQUS, Inc. is the world's leading provider of advanced Finite Element Analysis software and services that ar

*INITIAL CONDITIONSSet TYPE=TEMPERATURE to give initial temperatures. The STEP and INC parameters canbe used in conjunction with the FILE parameter to

*INITIAL CONDITIONSINPUTSet this parameter equal to the name of the alternate input file containing the data lines for thisoption. See “Input syntax ru

*INITIAL CONDITIONSSECTION POINTSThis param eter is used only with TYPE=PLASTIC STRAIN, TY PE=STRESS, andTYPE=HARDENING to specify plastic strains, st

*INITIAL CONDITIONS7. X-coordinate of the second reference point.8. Y-coordinate of the second reference point.9. Z-coordinate of the second reference

*INITIAL CONDITIONSto read for a ny node is based on the maximum number of field varia ble values for all the nodes inthe model. These trailing initial

*INITIAL CONDITIONSData lines for TYPE=HARDENING, REBAR:First line:1. Element number or elem ent set label.2. Rebar name. If this field is left blank,

*INITIAL CONDITIONS2. Initial m ass flow rate per unit area in the x-direction or total initial mass flow rate in the cross-section for one-dimensional

CONTENTSContents — Volume IA*ACOUSTIC FLOW VELOCITY 1.1*ACOUSTIC MEDIUM 1.2*ACOUSTIC WAVE FORMULATION 1.3*ADAPTIVE MESH 1.4*ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT 1

*INITIAL CONDITIONS5. Value of third plastic strain component, .Give the initial plastic strain components as defi ned for this element type in Part VI

*INITIAL CONDITIONSNo data lines are required for TYPE=PRESSURE STRESS, FILE=file, STEP=step, INC=inc.Data lines for TYPE=RATIO if the USER parameter

*INITIAL CONDITIONSData lines for TYPE=RELATIVE DENSITY:First line:1. Node set or node number.2. Initial relative density.Repeat this d ata line as of

*INITIAL CONDITIONSSubsequent lines (only needed if more than seven solution-dependent state variables exist in the model):1. Value of eighth solution

*INITIAL CONDITIONS2. Initial specific energy.Repeat this data line as often as necessar y to define initial specific energy in various elements or eleme

*INITIAL CONDITIONS3. Vertical coordinate corresponding to the above value.4. Second value of vertical component of (effective) stress.5. Vertical coo

*INITIAL CONDITIONSNo data lines are required for TYPE=STRESS, USER.Data lines for TYPE=TEMPERATURE:First line:1. Node set or node number.2. First ini

*INITIAL CONDITIONSData lines for TYPE=VELOCITY:First line:1. Node set or node number.2. Degree of freedom.3. Value of initial velocity.Repeat this da

*INSTANCE9.19*INSTANCE: Begin an instance definition.This option is used to instance a part within an assembly. It must be used in conjunction with the

CONTENTSC*C ADDED MASS 3.1*CAPACITY 3.2*CAP CREEP 3.3*CAP HARDENING 3.4*CAP PLASTICITY 3.5*CAST IRON C OMPRESSION HARDENING 3.6*CAST IRON PLASTICITY 3

*INSTANCEData line to translate an instance that is not imported from a previous analysis:First (and only) line:1. Value of the translation to be appl

*INSTANCEθabθFigure 9.19–1 Rotation of an instance.9.19–3ABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*INTEGRATED OUTPUT9.20*INTEGRATED OUTPUT: Specify variables integrated over a surface to be written tothe output database.This option is used to write

*INTEGRATED OUTPUTData lines to request integrated output:First line:1. Specify the identifying keys for the output variables to be written to the out

*INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION9.21*INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION: D efine an integrated output section over a surfacewith a local coordinate system and a refer

*INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTIONSet POSITION=CENTER if the reference node is to be relocated from the user-defined locationto the center of the surface in th

*INTERACTION OUTPUT9.22*INTERACTION OUTPU T: Specify spot weld interaction variables to be writte n to theoutput database .This option is used to writ

*INTERACTION PRINT9.23*INTERACTION PRINT: Define print requests for spot weld interaction variables.This option is used to provide tabular pri nted out

CONTENTS*CONNECTOR LOAD 3.41*CONNECTOR LOCK 3.42*CONNECTOR MOTION 3.43*CONNECTOR PLASTICITY 3.44*CONNECTOR POTENTIAL 3.45*CONNECTOR SECTION 3.46*CONNE

*INTERACTION PRINTData lines to request spot weld interaction variable output to the data file:First line:1. Give the identifying keys for the variable

*INTERFACE9.24*INTERFACE: Define properties for contact elements.This option is used to assign elem ent section properties to ITT-, ISL-, IRS-, and ASI

*INTERFACEData line for ASI1 ele ments:First (and only) line:1. Area associated with the elements.Enter the direction cosine, in ter ms of the global

*ITS9.25*ITS: D efine properties for IT S elements.This option is used to define the properties for ITS-type elements. The*DASHPOT,*FRICTION, and*SPRING

*ITS2. Diameter of the hole in the support plate.3. X-direction cosine of the axis of the tube.4. Y-direction cosine of the axis of the tube.5. Z-dire

J10. JABAQUS Version 6.1 Module:ID:Printed on:

*JOINT10.1*JOINT: Define proper ties for JOINTC elements.This option is used to define the properties for JOINTC elements. T he*DASHPOT and*SPRING optio

*JOINT EL ASTICITY10.2*JOINT ELASTICITY: Specify elas tic properties for elastic-plastic joint eleme nts.This option is used to define linear elastic m